• Subhas Chandra Bose, popularly called Netaji, was an Indian freedom fighter.
• He was born in Cuttack, Odisha to a wealthy family.
• His parents sent him to the University of Cambridge in England to prepare him f

  

  or Indian Civil Service. He passed the exam in 1920 but resigned after hearing about Jallianwala Bagh massacre

• After returning home, he joined Non-Cooperation Movement started by Mahatma Gandhi.
• His approach was more militant and socialist when it comes to winning freedom from the British. This was totally in opposition to the Gandhian politics of nonviolence.
• Bose was critical of Gandhi’s less confrontational approach toward freedom and was in conflict with Gandhi when it comes to both economic and political philosophy.
• In 1938, he was elected as the president of the Indian National Congress and formed a national planning committee, which formulated a policy of broad industrialization
• In 1939 Tripuri session of congress, Bose was elected again as the INC president by defeating Pattabhi Sitaramayya who had support of Gandhi, but resigned due to lack of support from Gandhi.
• As a result of these events, he formed Forward Block in 1939 to unite radical elements.
• He was jailed in 1940. But he was adamant to get released at this critical moment in the freedom struggle. He undertook fast unto death, and frightened by this, the British released him from prison.
• In 1941, he escaped from his Calcutta residence in disguise since the Government was closely monitoring him. He arrived in Nazi Germany and got their support for Indian independence
• Later, with Japanese support, he revived Indian National Army initially founded by Mohan Singh.
• He established Provisional Government of Free India (or Azad Hind) in 1943 with the support of Japan.
• Though he tried to defeat the British Government through Northeast India, he was unsuccessful.
• Finally, it is believed that he died from a plane crash in 1945

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