Constitution Day, also known as ‘Samvidhan Divas’, is celebrated on 26^th November every year to commemorate the adoption of the Constitution of India. Let’s uphold the spirit of our Constitution, today and every day.

• The Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution of India on 26^th November 1949, which came into effect on 26^th January 1950.
• On 19^th November 2015, the Government of India decided to celebrate the 26^th day of November every year as ‘Constitution Day’ to promote Constitution values among citizens.

How did the Constitution of India come into being?

• From 1947 to 1950, India continued to use the legislation implemented when it was a dominion of Britain.
• In the meantime, the Constituent Assembly drafted the Constitution of India, which would replace the Government of India Act, of 1935, as the country’s fundamental governing document.
• The Constitution was drawn from a number of sources, while India’s needs and conditions were given paramount importance.
• B R Ambedkar studied the Constitutions of over 60 countries before drafting the Constitution of India.

Brief timeline:

• On December 6, 1949 the Constitution Assembly was formed and its first meeting was held on December 9.
• Rajendra Prasad was appointed its President and C Mukherjee its vice-chairman.
• On August 29, 1947, the drafting committee appointed B. R Ambedkar as its chairman and six other members — Munshi N Gopalaswami Ayyangar, Khaitan, Mitter, Muhammed Sadulla, Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer.
• On November 26, 1949, the Constitution of India was adopted by the Assembly. On January 26, 1950, the Constitution was enforced.
• It took almost three years to write the constitution.

What are the salient features of the Indian Constitution?

• Lengthiest written constitution
• Most of the provisions are borrowed from other countries
• The Preamble consists of the ideals, objectives, and basic principles of the Constitution
• It enshrines a democratic system where the authority of the government rests upon the sovereignty of the people
• It also declares India as a Republic, where the Head of the State (President) is elected
• Also, the Indian constitution provides for a federal system of government where the powers are shared between the Central and State Governments
• The Constitution also provides for an independent judiciary with an integrated judicial system. It provides for a Parliamentary form of government where the Council of Ministers is responsible before the Lok Sabha

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